Illness, injury, holidays or life events interrupt training. The good news is that fitness fades more slowly than most people fear, especially after years of consistent work.
A few days to a week off has little measurable effect for most trained athletes and may even help if they were fatigued
Over roughly 2-4 weeks of complete rest, reductions in VO2max and blood volume become noticeable
Plasma volume is among the first things to drop, which is why the first runs back often feel harder than expected
Long-term adaptations such as capillaries and muscle structure tend to decline more slowly
A useful rule of thumb for returning: after a break of one or two weeks, start at about two-thirds of your previous volume with easy running only, then build back over a similar number of weeks. After longer breaks, rebuild more gradually and delay intense sessions.